Contemporary Art Answer Essays - Post-Impressionism, Free Essays

Contemporary Art Answer Essays - Post-Impressionism, Free Essays Contemporary craftsmanship is workmanship created after 1946 up until this current day. It appears to cover present day craftsmanship as current workmanship didn't really reduce until some other time. For instance, Jeff Koons would be viewed as a contemporary craftsman since he has been creating workmanship after 1946, in the course of our life. Obviously, with each timeframe, new workmanship thoughts will quite often get reaction from the media and might be viewed as stunning. For instance, in 2015 when Sacramento was set to erectan $8 million open figure (Coloring Book) by HYPERLINK artnet.com/craftsmen/jeff-koons/ _blank Jeff Koonsoutside its new b-ball field, not every person was a devotee of the arrangement. It was planned to catch a kid's euphoric delight on the planet, however different craftsmen and pundits had referenced that it doesn't feel propelled by the development that made the field and it doesn't speak to our city or where it's going. Many don't appear to see the p leasure he is depicting in his work, much like his Balloon Dog.Not just do we see this reaction in this time of contemporary workmanship, yet additionally in past times of craftsmanship, for example, post impressionism (current workmanship). Paul Gauguins Self Portrait with Halo and Snake (1889) created a significant ruckus because of Gauguin speaking to himself as a holy person, or holy person like, by including a corona over his head. Obviously during the time workmanship has continually been changing because of the innovative advances and the progressions that have been made in the public arena too; craftsmanship is continually reacting to genuine articles. Paul Gauguins Self-representation with Halo and Snake was affected by HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukiyo-e o Ukiyo-e Japanese wood-square printsand HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloisonnism o Cloisonnism cloisonnism, finished quite a while after he had visited Tahiti. HYPERLINK https://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Self-Portrait_with_Halo_and_Snake l cite_note-conisbee-14 In the work of art, Gauguin wears the saffron hued robe of a Buddhist priest, maybe affected by Van Gogh's earlierSelf-Portrait Dedicated to Paul Gauguin (1888). During that timeframe, workmanship was intensely impacted by Japanese prints and the impression different specialists had deserted in their compositions to motivate different craftsmen later on. In this current time of contemporary workmanship, Jeff Koons craftsmanship is enlivened by mainstream society subjects and multiplications of worn-out articles; Balloon hound produced using treated steel with a straightforward shading covering. His piece that was probably intended to be shown outside the b-ball field was impacted by the pleasure a kid has in such basic things throughout everyday life, much like his other craftsmanship pieces, for example, his mammoth inflatable figures. As referenced previously, the two craftsmen have gotten kickback and debate for their wo rk of art and it is protected to state that pretty much every craftsman ought to anticipate a type of a reaction for their specialty in whenever period or setting. Craftsmanship is rarely great and never will be great; others may see your fine art uniquely in contrast to you do and decipher its importance uniquely in contrast to planned. In this manner, albeit a few watchers might have the option to have a specific similarity to a craftsmen work of art, the piece will never increase full acknowledgment of its whole crowd. Some craftsmanship can be acknowledged looking back as a remark of that timespan. Paul Gauguins self-representation may have made reaction in his timespan, yet as we mentally study its importance and the impact of the piece, we can decide the goals he or different specialists had during that timeframe. Numerous individuals frequently discover Jeff Koons workmanship very odd, for example, his figure Coloring Book and Balloon Dog, yet in whenever time of craftsmanshi p, they may think back and study its importance and aims, anticipating the thought processes he and potentially different craftsmen had during that timespan. Jeff Koons is an incredible case of a contemporary craftsman who means to show the least complex delights in life through his fine art, permitting anybody to comprehend its effortlessness and appreciate each snapshot of it. Jeff Koons Balloon Dog Paul Gauguin Self Portrait with Halo and Snake

School Leadership That Works From Research To Results

School Leadership That Works From Research To Results Part Five Summary The conversation in section four draws out the significance of every one of the 21 obligations separately yet says next to no to show how they identify with one another. For the connections to be distinguished, a factor investigation was directed dependent on reactions to a survey used to evaluate the conduct of principals’ according to the 21 responsibilities.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on School Leadership That Works: From Research To Results explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the topic of this section. A significant revelation that came about because of the investigation was that two characteristics; first-request and second-request changes, seemed to underlie the obligations (Marzano, Waters, McNulty 2005). First-and Second-Order Change First-request change is gradual in nature and is generally the main alternative looked for after by school initiative when confronted with an issue. Its prosperity depen ds for the most part on past events and the utilization of new thoughts is frequently impossible. To a huge degree, it can just set up a person for regular circumstances. It is, be that as it may, very testing to give utilizing this methodology a shot new difficulties for which arrangements are not promptly accessible. Second-request change then again is radical and for any advantages to be acknowledged, resolute initiative is an unquestionable requirement. It involves conceptualizing an issue distinctively or embracing a totally new methodology. The Difficulty of the Second-Order Change The selection of second-request change has bombed in various events and in debilitated development in numerous territories. There is a high inclination for people to take a gander at almost all issues as though they were of first-request nature and this is one reason why it has been hard to propel the utilization of second-request change. Additionally, second-request change is to a limited degree di sagreeable with numerous as it unequivocally ignores the state of affairs which a great many people are resolved to keep up. The utilization of second-request change has additionally been a frightful endeavor for some, who may not be prepared to suit reactions. One must be very versatile to succeed utilizing this type of administration. Initiative for First-Order Change: Managing the Daily Life of a School The result of the factor investigation obviously shows how the 21 duties associate and how they can be applied to accomplish change. Inclusion in the everyday changes in a school will necessitate that all the 21 head obligations to be viewed as significant in spite of the fact that to a fluctuating degree. In spite of the way that the obligations are positioned arranged by significance, none of them ought to get small importance.Advertising Looking for coursework on training? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The standard busi ness of tutoring requests revisions and modifications which, by definition are first request in nature and in that capacity, first-request change is seen as a result of the everyday elements of the school. Relating the 21 duties to the primary request change shows that these obligations characterize the standard working systems in a school. They are viewed as the administration instruments of powerful school pioneers. Initiative for Second-Order Change Unlike first-request, second-request change is connected to 7 of the 21 obligations and it presents an emotional takeoff based on what is foreseen both in expressing an issue and giving an answer. The change shows itself just with regards to a particular issue or issue being comprehended. Integral to second-arrange change is advancement and similarly as on account of first-request change, a pioneer ought not be confused by the positioning to misjudge any of the obligations. From the factor investigation, it can likewise be noticed tha t three of the obligations distinguished as essential to the second-request change are positioned low as far as relative significance to the main request change. A portion of the 21 Responsibilities referenced are unfavorably influenced by second-request change. A school chief may need to bear the discernment that culture, correspondence, request and schedule, and the degree of information have all disintegrated because of development with culture having the most grounded negative relationship to the second-request change. End The distinctions observable among first-and second-request changes and the customary propensity to see all progressions as first-request give a decent establishment to begin diving into the disappointment of past advancements. There is a high chance that these advancements were second-request changes that were overseen as if they were first-request changes and subsequently the disappointment. Reference Marzano, R.J., Waters, T., McNulty, B.T. (2005). School Le adership That Works: From Research To Results. Alexandria Va. Relationship for Supervision and Curriculum Development

Iliad and Achilles Actions free essay sample

Integral to David Malouf’s Ransom, is the thought of misfortune, to profoundly delineate the meticulousness and delicacy of life. Achilles, in his mission to look for retribution for the passing of his be-adored companion, Patroclus, gets inaccessible as he battles to remain sincerely unblemished, being not able to get a handle on onto the warrior and the pioneer he used to be. Essentially, Priam’s better judgment and job as the King of Troy are blurred by the killing of his child, Hector, acting unreasonably, by conjuring up a dubious excursion righteously from a dream because of the injury he has encountered from seeing Achilles activities on his child. Thus it takes the procedures of Priam emancipating his son’s body to carry reestablished compassion to the two men. Achilles being conceived from the two components of earth and water is obstructed to completely fathom who he truly is. His Dad, Peleus being an extraordinary warrior and his mom, Thetis, starting from the component of water, â€Å"in all its numerous forms†. We will compose a custom paper test on Iliad and Achilles Actions or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He acquires capacities from his mom, copying a â€Å"eel †like, liquid weightless† sensation inside himself, helping his quick, fast developments in fight. However Achilles is purchased up by his dad, where â€Å"he had entered the unpleasant universe of men†, in this manner not being presented to the delicate temperances of ladies, for example, sympathy, compassion and kind-heartedness, rather from of a youthful â€age is exposed to â€Å"a ton of hurt, misfortune, reliance, explosions of brutality and elation†. Therefore Achilles is shaped by Peleus into the man; he wants him to be, while Achilles tries to intrigue Peleus to rifle for his caring endorsement, which is unfulfilled because of the nonattendance of a female good example. Eventually Achilles is denied of his adolescence; he is lowered into a universe of viciousness and slaughtering, where he becomes â€Å"numb† to the thought of death. Therefore from the loss of his youth, just as being inundated in the way of life of fight, Achilles can't discover course about who he genuinely is and progressively he can't fittingly deal with the loss of his dear companion Patroclus, imagining himself as a defender to Patroclus. It is in the midst of Achilles enthusiastic torment and continuous disintegration of Patroclus’ murder through which Malouf really catches the idea of misfortune. Achilles visioning himself as a defender to Patroclus comes to pass for genuinely upset â€Å"like a man complying with the necessities of some other, darker agency†. From his youth, Peleus instructed Achilles to smother his emotions, to not to open to others how he felt, this quality remained intellectually where he never figured out how to manage anguish and hopelessness of his friends and family, particularly Patroclus. Subsequently he becomes harmed and an obscured character of what he used to be that Malouf uses to show the results of passionate agony, to escape a versatile, solid disapproved of pioneer in Achilles. Thusly Achilles turns out to be mentally segregated from the real world, in a battle to discover comfort for Patroclus’ passing, returning to slaughtering Hectors body over and again as â€Å"the self-expending rage that drives him and squanders his soul in despair†, is the start of the loss of his actual self as a pioneer and a fighter, which is originated from his ‘inward rage’, for his self-fault of Patroclus’ demise, further darkening his administration and judgment to slight the assemblage of Hector, to ostensibly coordinate his outrage at Hector’s body as a substitute for his actual misery, at the loss of his received sibling and the loss of his sympathetic side, which Patroclus he him to draw away from a universe of gore and battle. Incorporated to Malouf’s applied topic of misfortune, is the impression of misfortune confronting Priam, through the homicide and butcher of his child, and the loss of his own apparent irrelevance, as he excursions to Ransom the collection of Hector. Priam’s generally quick and huge torment is peaked, as he bears the homicide of Hector, in spite of the fact that Achilles activities eventually demonstrate the harshest experience to Priam, watching Achilles, ‘dragged the cadaver to his vehicle, secure it, a great many bunches to the hub tree, and dragged it away through the tumbling dust’. As Achilles for eleven nonstop days hauls ‘him here and there before the Greek Ships’, filling in as a suggestion to Priam for eleven days straight, the misfortune and demise of his son’s nearness, inspiring Priam to carry on of impulse, traveling to re-acquire Hectors body. Subsequently Priam, seeing himself as a ‘ancient doll’, feels the longing and inspiration because of Achilles activities, to summon a slippery excursion, stripping himself of all ‘royal insignia’ and building up the fortitude to make a trip to the Greek camp undetected, without officers, yet with the immaculateness of his actual self, ‘dressed in a plain white robe’. It is here that Priam’s urgency and hopelessness are featured Malouf, to show the large number of the circumstance, wherein the manner in which misfortune can differently influence an individual, driving them to put forth an admirable attempt to do what is seen to them to be vital. At last, David Malouf’s idea of misfortune is investigated through the principle characters of Priam and Achilles. Both truly having the lament for the loss of friends and family, Malouf investigates this subject by portraying the different characters of each character, and how each character adjusts, adapts and forms into another pioneer after the difficulty of losing Patroclus and Hector. For Achilles he develops a fierce pioneer of his Myrmidons, being not able to have completely caught his feelings, as Patroclus was his departure from war. Then again, Priam rises as an insightful man, seeing his own activity as fundamental, and instead of being efficient, immediately from a dream, journey’s to deliver the group of Hector.

The Effects of War

For right around 50 years, the universal war was one of the most discussed obliteration of war. The wars break out for different reasons. There are world wars on the planet, and they made each nation turned into the battling region. At whatever point, wars have occurred there are consistently obliteration all over the place and wrecked everything in every nation by dropping bombs and utilizing amazing touchy weapons. The most impacts of war is that individuals are passed on, decimated the framework, monetary, and isolated from families. War slaughtered numerous individuals. Because of consummation of the World War I, an expected 10 million troopers were killed.â€Å"Those midpoints around 6,500 passings per day, consistently. Additionally, a huge number of regular citizens were likewise killed,† as per www. history1900s. about. com/od/world-war-I. html. World War I was particularly associated with its butcher for it was probably the bloodiest war ever. In addition, World War I I was the deadliest military clash ever. â€Å"Over 60 million individuals were murdered, which was more than 2. 5% of the world population,† as per www. en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/world_war_II. After the war, it in every case left numerous issues to the individuals and society. The central matter is the different of families and cause three significant points.First, it has numerous widows so it is hard for all widows to make a decent attempt to live without aiding from others. Second, the war left numerous vagrants and the entirety of the vagrants confronted numerous awful circumstances, for example, feel desolate and absence of affection from guardians. In addition, vagrants couldn't go to class and couldn't get information that why they became ignorant individual. Third, the war left numerous individuals lost their relative became during the war some relative were independent and some were demise. By this issues, a few people live without realizing that their family members were dead or still alive accordingly it make them lived with despondent and forlorn also.Another factor that war affected, was foundation. Ask you that foundation is so significant things incorporate structure, streets, spans, etc. Be that as it may, after the war everything was gone, numerous structures, for example, businesses structures, houses, emergency clinic, schools were crumpled and furthermore the vast majority of the streets were harmed by weapon that utilized during the war. So the war is truly affected to framework as notice above. A to some degree diverse impact of War has made the inadequate financial. Especially, the war consistently obliterate everything the foundation, yet additionally the reason many bankrupt companies.Many enormous organizations and little organizations could be bankrupt of the war; particularly, there is no outside financial specialist will put resources into your nation any longer. As the consequence of bankrupt, it will build the joble ssness and make less beneficial which cause the expansion that all the items are significant expense. For instance, â€Å"In France during the World War II, the monetary standards of France are useless imply that you required 726, 000, 000 francs to purchase what you’d had the option to get for just 1 franc in 1918,† as per the book of talk Seng Tith at National Institute of Business.As the outcome, the war cause the financial tumbled down that made trouble for individuals to live. Taking everything into account, the impacts of war demolished numerous things for nations, for example, the demise of individuals, decimated foundation, influenced of economy, and individuals isolated from their families. Due to the affected of war, individuals lived barely and seriously that they feel hurt after the war. War is never useful for every nation everywhere throughout the world and for residents too. The Effects of War For right around 50 years, the universal war was one of the most discussed demolition of war. The wars break out for different reasons. There are world wars on the planet, and they made each nation turned into the battling territory. At whatever point, wars have occurred there are consistently annihilation all over the place and decimated everything in every nation by dropping bombs and utilizing incredible hazardous weapons. The most impacts of war is that individuals are passed on, obliterated the framework, monetary, and isolated from families. War murdered numerous individuals. Because of completion of the World War I, an expected 10 million officers were killed.â€Å"Those midpoints around 6,500 passings per day, consistently. Furthermore, a great many regular folks were additionally killed,† as per www. history1900s. about. com/od/world-war-I. html. World War I was particularly associated with its butcher for it was probably the bloodiest war ever. In addition, World War II was the deadliest military clash ever. â€Å"Over 60 million individuals were slaughtered, which was more than 2. 5% of the world population,† as indicated by www. en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/world_war_II. After the war, it in every case left numerous issues to the individuals and society. The central matter is the different of families and cause three significant points.First, it has numerous widows so it is extremely hard for all widows to make a decent attempt to live without aiding from others. Second, the war left numerous vagrants and the entirety of the vagrants confronted numerous terrible circumstances, for example, feel desolate and absence of affection from guardians. In addition, vagrants couldn't go to class and couldn't get information that why they became ignorant individual. Third, the war left numerous individuals lost their relative became during the war some relative were discrete and some were passing. By this issues, a few people live without rea lizing that their family members were dead or still alive accordingly it make them lived with troubled and forlorn also.Another factor that war affected, was framework. Ask you that framework is so significant things incorporate structure, streets, spans, etc. Be that as it may, after the war everything was gone, numerous structures, for example, businesses structures, houses, clinic, schools were crumpled and furthermore the greater part of the streets were harmed by weapon that utilized during the war. So the war is truly affected to framework as notice above. A fairly extraordinary impact of War has made the lacking monetary. Especially, the war consistently annihilate everything the framework, yet in addition the reason many bankrupt companies.Many huge organizations and little organizations could be bankrupt of the war; particularly, there is no outside financial specialist will put resources into your nation any longer. As the consequence of bankrupt, it will expand the jobles sness and make less beneficial which cause the swelling that all the items are significant expense. For instance, â€Å"In France during the World War II, the monetary standards of France are useless imply that you required 726, 000, 000 francs to purchase what you’d had the option to get for just 1 franc in 1918,† as per the book of talk Seng Tith at National Institute of Business.As the outcome, the war cause the financial tumbled down that made trouble for individuals to live. Taking everything into account, the impacts of war annihilated numerous things for nations, for example, the passing of individuals, demolished framework, influenced of economy, and individuals isolated from their families. Due to the affected of war, individuals lived scarcely and seriously that they feel hurt after the war. War is never useful for every nation everywhere throughout the world and for residents also.

Developing of Leadership Skills

Creating of Leadership Skills Solid authority capacities are important to guarantee the achievement of any action performed by a group. Administration alludes to a procedure through which one individual uses the assistance and backing of others towards accomplishing a specific objective or assignment. For one to be a genuinely viable pioneer, he/she should gangs some administration abilities. At exactly that point would one be able to associate better with his devotees and consequently cultivate efficiency. In this paper, I will break down a portion of the aptitudes expected of a pioneer and assess how they apply in my authority style.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Developing of Leadership Skills explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most significant expertise that a pioneer ought to have is the capacity to recognize his/her group. Group personality is critical on the grounds that it empowers a pioneer to realize who is in a group and the reason for the group (Adair, 2010). Understanding a team’s method of activity empowers the pioneer to settle on choices that are chivalrous to all individuals need’s along these lines ingraining assurance and lift camaraderie. Inspirational abilities are among the center properties that a pioneer must forces. Inspiration is characterized as a â€Å"process of animating individuals to activity to achieve wanted goals† (Kondalkar 2002, p.245). Remembering the way that the pioneer is entrusted with marshaling the organization’s assets to achieve some hierarchical objective, it tends to be legitimately expressed that piece of the job of the pioneer is to persuade his staff to accomplish certain ideal objectives. Accordingly, a commendable pioneer must have inspirational abilities to guarantee that the representatives have a high level of duty in their exhibition. Correspondingly, relational abilities are critical to a pioneer. As indicated by Greene and Burleson (2003) correspondence is seemingly the foundation on which any effective relationship, be it business or individual, is constructed. In that capacity, an extraordinary pioneer ought to have the option to viably convey the authoritative objectives, strategic, and guidelines to his/her subordinates. In this manner, the pioneer has an assurance that set undertakings will be executed viably and productively. This guarantees the association moves in the direction of progress. Also, Adair (2010) affirms that an incredible pioneer ought to have compromise aptitudes. In all associations, there emerge petulant issues which inspire various responses from the association individuals eventually in time. How these issues are diffused may illuminate the distinction between the resulting achievement and disappointment of the association. Having compromise aptitudes can assume an essential job in guaranteeing that the emergencies or dispute is overseen in a discretionary way. On a similar note, an extraordinary pioneer oug ht to be adaptable. By this I imply that a pioneer ought to know about his/her employee’s feelings and qualities and think about them while deciding. Ignoring these perspectives may constantly prompt the disappointment of a group and thusly, the organization.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More as to the above abilities, I regularly miss the mark with regards to spurring individual associates. This is basically because of the way that I don't cooperate well with others and I can't persuasively communicate while under pressure. This is generally upsetting since correspondence and inspiration are center properties that can be utilized to advance cooperation. Notwithstanding these inadequacies, I accept that I can enhance these abilities, accordingly guaranteeing that I become a superior chief later on. Authority courses are viewed as one of the path through which individuals can be enabled. Peace making, correspondence and inspirational aptitudes can be increased through such workshops therefore furnishing a person with available resources of how to manage issues emerging from work environment collaborations. Appropriation of a strategy of receptiveness to disparity can additionally act in the benefit of working environment correspondence. This paper set out to research what compelling authority comprises of in business and associations setting. To this end, the paper has featured the abilities anticipated from great initiative and in this way verbalized how the aptitudes of a successful pioneer sway on the association. It has been seen that the reception of a viable authority abilities in an association will respect higher profitability which will in this way bring about the achievement of the authoritative objectives of expanded efficiency. From the conversations sent in this paper, it has been noticed that an absence of these authority ab ilities can prompt absence of center and for the most part unmotivated laborers thus brings down gainfulness of the whole association. References Adair, J. (2010). Build up Your Leadership Skills: Develop Yourself as a Leader; Lead at a Strategic Level; Grow Leaders in Your Organization. USA: Kogan Page Publishers. Greene, O., Burleson, R. (2003). Handbook of correspondence and social collaboration aptitudes. New York: Routledge.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Developing of Leadership Skills explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kondalkar, P. (2002). Association adequacy and change the executives. USA: PHI learning Pvt. Ltd.

Surviving the Week Before Finals

Surviving the Week Before Finals Fall break is officially over, and it is time to get serious about the end of the semester. If youre like me, this means writing five papers, doing a few group projects, and preparing for two presentations. Oh, and also studying for the multiple finals I have next week. This can all be very stressful and overwhelming. I have already cried twice this week and it is only Tuesday Here are some tips  I have found to help me around finals week: 1.  STUDY! This may sound obvious, but really. Spend the next week studying so youre not cramming the night before. I find it easier to be prepared in advance so I dont feel too nervous right before the test. 2.  Find a place to be productive. I can work well in my living room with Gilmore Girls playing in the background. However, I know that if I go in my bedroom, I will lose all the motivation I once had. Other places to go include  the library, classrooms, coffee shops, or anywhere else that has comfortable seating. 3.  Sleep, eat, and be merry. Just because one of the most stressful times in your life is currently happening doesnt mean you should stop caring about your health. I know that sometimes I dont get enough sleep because I have a lot going on during the day. A friend suggested I download an app on my phone that helps you meditate. There are a few free apps that play relaxing sounds, have beginners meditation, and even track your sleep cyclesâ€"I found these really useful and easy to use! On another note, although you may not have a whole lot of free time during the next two weeks, taking a break to hang out with your friends is certainly a good idea if you can. Its important to get your work done, but you also need to think about how most  of us will be going back home after finals for winter break, so we need to spend time with our friends here at Illinois while we can! I hope everyone has a successful finals week. Good luck and have a great winter break! Alex Alex Class of 2017 My major is Social Work and I love every minute of it. I grew up in a really small town called Braidwood, Illinois. Before I attended the University of Illinois, I went to Joliet Junior College.

The Brave Cowboy A Closer Look at Modern Life - Literature Essay Samples

Edward Abbey’s second novel, The Brave Cowboy, is intensely critical of modern life. The book celebrates wide-open spaces and freedom through consistent comparison to an adjacent reality: the hustle and bustle of the city. As the novel continues, we experience the challenges and constraints that Abbey connects with modernity, which Abbey deems unfortunate but unavoidable. Abbey criticizes modern American life because he believed that wilderness should go â€Å"beyond the human† (Minteer). In The Brave Cowboy, Abbey champions a natural environment in which one can reflect without distraction, one of the common themes in the book as he laments a growing dependence on mechanical elements. As Abbey expressed in another work in 1982, Down the River, a connection to the environment is sacred because â€Å"loyalty to the earth, the earth which bore us and sustains us, the only home we shall ever know, the only paradise we ever need — if only we had the eyes to see† (Minteer). Abbey shows us that meaningful, private reflection is challenged by life led in an industrialized society; he characterizes the earth as a living, teaching entity. Abbey begins The Brave Cowboy with an ode to what he loved dearly: wide-open, undisturbed land. The prologue lovingly explores the beauty of the West, and a specific valley â€Å"where phantoms come to brood and mourn† (Abbey 7). Abbey describes the desert, writing â€Å"The river flows past the cornfields and mud villages of the Indians, past thickets of red willow and cane scrub oak, through the fringe of the white man’s city [] beyond Thieves’ Mountain far to the south and vanishes at last into the dim violet haze of distance† (7). As soon as the main character, Jack Burns, approaches the first signs of civilization, Abbey introduces litter and detritus: â€Å"Horse and man passed other signs and stigmata of life: the petrograph of a wild turkey chiseled in the stone, a pair of tincans riddled with bullet holes of various caliber, brass cartridge shells, an empty sardine can dissolving in rust. They were nearing civilization† (7). Abbey introduce s a creeping sensation that decay is closing in on Burns as he gets closer to the city, and we even feels resistance from his horse as we get closer: â€Å"Whisky stepped onto the hard asphalt, tossed her head and stepped back, fighting the reins† (25). When Abbey introduces a city in The Brave Cowboy, he makes it clear that the buzz and bustle is damaging. He describes the city as â€Å"sunburnt† (124) and full of distractions, consistently referencing noise pollution and distracting city lights: The gloom was far from complete: the four-lane highway that wound through the bottom of the pass was alive, crawling, itching with motor traffic — and endless procession of tiny points of light proceeding like beads on a thread through the darkness, passing and repassing, vanishing, reappearing, fed into the night from apparently inexhaustible sources (267). It’s not only the presence of city lights that cause frustration, but the presence of any light that is manmade or artificial. It becomes the enemy, such as when the helicopter crashes, and the â€Å"big main rotor [was] still turning, winking light† despite its obvious failure: Abbey makes it clear that these artificial elements are never to be trusted (232). Previously, Burns is frightened by a flashlight in the desert while he tries to â€Å"lay low.† As Abbey describes: â€Å"Then he saw and almost felt a beam of light that swung quickly in the air over his head, danced over the leaves of the cottonwoods and disappeared† (203). There are even colors that Abbey suggests are dangerously too modern, and one of these is yellow. Yellow is a spontaneous and sometimes unstable color. In fact, studies show that the overuse of yellow can be troublesome to the mind (Precision Intermedia). Yellow can affect focus and make it more difficult to concentrate, which coordinates with Abbey’s view of highly disturbing city life. As an attention-getting, disturbing color, it features regularly in The Brave Cowboy: when Bondi looks outside the jail cell, Abbey describes the â€Å"yellow rectangles of lighted windows, all the multiple refractions of the great American night† (58). He references â€Å"yellow murk,† and also includes a strong description of urban life at the end of the novel: â€Å"The urban streets are a chaos of sound, color, and movement: ‘Blue, red, yellow, flashing and dancing [] while the blue red yellow shrieks of neon† (280-281). These elements distract the individual fro m the contemplation that Abbey believes is so vital. In fact, Abbey does not only identify certain colors with artificial and natural elements, but he compares color palettes of the city to that of his preferred environment, nature. The city is often described as having disjointed, harsh color schemes or, conversely, being washed of all color. The city seems to bustle but has no soul, while the desert offers stunning vistas and surprising signs of natural life. One of the most powerful descriptions of the countryside can be found when Burns travels the canyon: â€Å"Unexpectedly, the view opened wide and the whole western world lay before him: the canyon dropping down step by step like an imperial stairway for the gods, the gaunt purple foothills, the mesa rolling out for miles, the faint gleam of the river† (201). Even this tableau has the power to transform the city into something beautiful — at a distance: â€Å"The vast undulant city ten miles away, transformed by the evening dusk into something fantastic and grand a nd lovely, a rich constellation of jewels glittering like the embers of a fire† (201). Abbey makes it clear that modern, industrialized life is no place for contemplative thought. His protagonist finds peace and quiet in the desert, and seeks it as a refuge. Burns, even without his sleeping bag and on the run, finds a moment of quiet comfort in his favored habitat: â€Å"He belched, lying on his back, and considered the possibility of not going after his mare and his equipment. [] Burns puffed again on the pipe, watching the gray smoke drift up toward the stars† (200-201). Abbey writes that the silence of the desert is a â€Å"perfect dome† and treasures the â€Å"vast silence† that makes up â€Å"the desert and the river and the valley† (15). Nature connects each element, while the noise and commotion of the city is seen as disjointed. Lastly, Abbey emphasizes the importance of nature by having it tower over artificial elements. Abbey describes the mountain’s presence, and in the beginning of the book, highlights its â€Å"must not be ignored† nature: The mountains loomed over the valley like a physical presence, a source and mirror of nervous influences, emotions, subtle and unlabeled aspirations; no man could ignore that presence; in an underground poker game, in the vaults of the First National Bank, in the secret chambers of The Factory, in the backroom of the realtor’s office during the composition of an intricate swindle†¦ (19). Abbey insists that nothing can overshadow the mountain, and that everyone feels it, whether they’re even really aware of it or not. The mountain is a penultimate feature of the environment and is all-seeing, achieving a god-like quality. Manmade features are dwarfed by the magnitude of the mountain, like when we see a truck traveling across the desert: â€Å"The distance and the silence, the grotesque disproportion between the small dark agitated object and its enveloping continuum of space and silence, gave its activity an absurd, pathetic air† (20). Abbey, by rejecting his intense passion for nature and accepting that change is inevitable, probably selected a realistic conclusion to his novel. In it, Burns and his horse are hit by a truck filled with toilets. This jarring scene in which civilization comes into contact with Burns’ peaceful, simple ways is an unforgettable message of the struggle for coexistence, and perhaps the futileness of those efforts. Abbey’s ending to The Brave Cowboy holds a special place in history. Abbey’s environmentalist stance was part of a new movement that celebrated the individual while warning about the damages our modern life could cause – often irreparably – to wildlife. Some claim that his stance on the environment can be linked to today â€Å"Anthropocene† movement, which indicates that, due to the impact humankind has had on plant and animal species, we have transitioned into a new era. While the waters are muddied, and the debate continues, this issue points to one of Abbey’s biggest concerns: that humans have damaged our planet so greatly that we may be forced to close one chapter in natural history, and open another (Stromberg 1). The Brave Cowboy illustrates the importance of maintaining a positive relationship with nature, and not allowing modern life to poison our day-to-day. Even Abbey recognized that there is balance to be struck in our modern lives, stating that we needed â€Å"moderate extremism† and â€Å"the best of both worlds† (Minteer). Abbey supported responsible change, but seemed disappointed by what that meant in modern life, stating: â€Å"Simply because humankind have the power now to meddle or ‘manage’ or ‘exercise stewardship’ in every nook and cranny of the world, does not mean that we have a right to do so. Even less, the obligation† (Minteer). And while the city in The Brave Cowboy is seen as dangerous and distracting, Abbey’s message through his collective works is slightly more hopeful: that there is a possibility to coexist with nature while maintaining our modern lifestyles. This is far more realistic, and seems as though it could be possible. While perhaps the extreme rejection of all things modern is an unsustainable and unrealistic expectation, we can all take the time to appreciate the gifts that nature gives us: the capability of contemplative thought, breathtaking views, and freedom. Regardless of what happens to Jack Burns at the end of the novel, the message is still clear: there’s bravery in never giving up. Works Cited Abbey, Edward. The Brave Cowboy: An Old Tale in a New Time. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics Edition, 2016. Print. Business, Sales and the World Wide Web Are In Color. Precision Intermedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2017. Minteer, Ben A. â€Å"Why Edward Abbey Still Matters.† Earth Island Journal 15 May 2015: n. pag. EarthIsland.org. Web. 12 Apr. 2017. Stromberg, Joseph. What Is the Anthropocene and Are We in It? Smithsonian 1 Jan. 2013: n. pag. Web. 9 Apr. 2017.